[Prevalence of obesity and some associated factors among 8-12 year old boy students in Shiraz]

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of obesity and some associated factors among boy students, aged 8 to 12 years in Shiraz. This cross-sectional study was performed on 478 [male] students, 8-12 years old. The subjects were selected via a step wise random sampling. Height and weight of the subjects were measured by standard methods and body mass index [BMI] was calculated. Overweight and obesity were defined based on the 85th and 95th percentiles of BMI for age and sex, respectively, as proposed by Center for Disease Control [CDC]. Physical fitness level and family conditions were collected by a standard Baecke questionnaire. The prevalence of obesity, overweight and underweight in 8-12 year old students were 7.1%, 11.9% and 14.8% respectively. Results showed that there were inverse relationships between BMI and age and the parent's education [P<0.05]. On the other hand, although BMI had positive associations with the time spent watching TV, fast food consumption, time spent on exercise and walking during a week, they were not achieve statistically significant. The lower the level of parent's education, the more the increase in student's BMI, findings which emphasize the need for awareness about childhood obesity complications among parents

[Association between obesity and overweight with lifestyle status and physical fitness level in Shiraz adults]

Today the drastically rising trend of obesity is a major public health concern worldwide. Several factors such as unhealthy lifestyle and low physical fitness are related to obesity. The aim of this study thus was to investigate the association between obesity and overweight with lifestyle status and physical fitness levels in Shirazi adults. For this cross-sectional study, 727 males [n=354; mean +/- SD: 41.7 +/- 10.1 years of age] and females [n=373; mean +/- SD: 36.02 +/- 7.9 years of age] were selected via a step wise random sampling. Height and weight of the subjects were measured by standard methods and body mass index [BMI] was calculated. Subject's lifestyle status was assessed by a self-administered questionnaire based on Breslow's lifestyle index and physical fitness levels were determined by a physical fitness index questionnaire. Prevalences of obesity and overweight in males were 13.5% and 39.5% respectively and in females were 9.3% and 36.1% respectively. Results showed an inverse relationship between lifestyle status and physical fitness levels with overweight and obesity in both males and females [P<0.05]. Despite females having a higher lifestyle index than males, both had unhealthy lifestyles. Unhealthy and sedentary lifestyles are effective factors in overweight and obesity in Shirazi adults, who lack healthy lifestyles.

[Effects of 12 weeks walking on plasma adiponectin concentration in postmenopausal women with breast Cancer]

Adiponectin is involved in breast cancer development, and data available suggest that exercise increases plasma adiponectin, but little is known about the effect of exercise on plasma adiponectin in postmenopausal women with breast cancer. The purpose of this study therefore was to examine the effects of 12 weeks of walking on plasma adiponectin in postmenopausal women with breast cancer. Nineteen postmenopausal women with breast cancer [aged 55 +/- 2.7 years; mean +/- SD] who had undergone surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, with hormone therapy by letrozol, were divided into the training [n=11] and control [n=8] groups. Subjects in the experimental group walked 25 to 45 minutes with intensity of 45 to 65% of target heart rate, 4 days for 12 weeks. The results showed that maximum oxygen uptake increased and fasting insulin decreased significantly after 12 weeks in the training group, as compared to the control group [P<0.05]. However, after 12 weeks walking no significant differences were observed in the plasma adiponectin, fasting glucose and insulin resistance between the two groups. Although 12 weeks walking improves aerobic capacity, it does not affect plasma adiponectin concentration in postmenopausal women with breast cancer

[Determinants of oral health behavior among high school students in Marivan County, Iran based on the Pender's Health Promotion Model]

This paper reports on the predictors of high school students' oral health behaviors [OHBs] based on the Pender's Health Promotion Model [HPM] in an attempt to identify effective factors that may be addressed through intervention efforts. A multistage cluster sample of 403 high school students were recruited from 8 high schools in Marivan County, Iran. The study was conducted between April and July, 2010. Appropriate instruments were used to measure the relevant variables. The statistical analysis of the data included bivariate correlations, t-test, one-way ANOVA and linear regression. All HPM variables [perceived self-efficacy, perceived benefits and barriers, activity-related affects, interpersonal and situational influences and commitment to a plan of OHBs] were significantly related to OHBs among the respondents [p<0.01], and a negative association was found between OHBs and perceived barriers [p<0.01]. All HPM variables were statistically significant predictors of OHBs and accounted for 42.2% of the variance. Promotion of interpersonal influences and the students' perceived self-efficacy and also commitment to a plan of action should be priorities of any program aimed at promoting OHBs among students. School health care providers should suggest strategies to overcome the barriers of performing OHBs, rather than noting the benefits of these behaviors

Typical laryngeal carcinoid tumor: a case report

Neuroendocrine tumors of the larynx comprise a rare group of tumors categorized as typical carcinoid, atypical carcinoid, small-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, and paragangliomas. Atypical carcinoid type occasionally denotes carcinoid syndrome. Typical carcinoid is extremely rare. The primary diagnosis is based on light histochemical studies that should be confirmed by immunocytological and/or ultrastuctural investigation. The different biological behaviors of these tumors lead to a specific diagnosis of paramount importance

[Cecal volvulus [two cases]]

Cecal Volvulus is an acute surgical emergency. In this condition cecum, terminal ileum and ascending colon on its mesenteric anticlock wise direction from 180 to 360 degrees. The cecal volvulus is caused by a congenital lack of fixation of cecum to retroperitoneum. The usual presentation consists of severe colicky abdominal pain with asymmetric abdominal distension. In this article two cases of cecal volvulus are defined. The first case was a 74 year-old female with sudden abdominal pain and severe abdominal distension subsequent 3 days patient often refers with sever colicky pain and asymmetric abdominal distention. After plain abdominal x-ray and abdominal CT scan, right hemicolectomy was performed. The second case was a 70 year- old female who subsequent 4 days without defecation was affected abdominal pain and distension. Supine and erect abdominal x-ray showed colon hyperairation and air-fluid levels. The gangrenous colon was resected etiology of bowel. Despite of other of obstruction or sigmoid volvulus that sometimes can be treated medically, the treatment of cecal volvulus is always surgery and consisted of cecum and ascending colon resection